The World Is on Fire. Yet Life Is ... Getting Better?

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Scanning news headlines is bleak business these days: climate change, market turmoil, WWIII. And, though we don’t want to downplay the Very Scary Stuff happening, human life is improving in major ways, so we thought we’d talk about some of them. So pump the brakes on your doom-and-gloom spiral for one hot second because — to paraphrase economist Max Roser — it’s true that the world is awful, but it’s also true that the world is getting better.

INCOME

• WORLD: Let’s start broad: odds are, if you’re reading this sentence, you’re among the 1% wealthiest humans ever (congrats!). As J. Bradford DeLong points out in his new book, Slouching Towards Utopia, 70% of the world’s population lived in extreme poverty until about 1870, when technology sparked rapid wealth growth. Worldwide, the average person today is 10 times as rich as the average person in 1870, and 4.5 times as rich as the 1950 average. It’s hard to grasp how drastic that increase is until you see it charted (below).* There’s tremendous inequality, no doubt, but all regions are better off than they were.

• CANADA: Canada has one of the world’s highest GDPs per capita. As a result, its middle class is among the world’s richest, with a median per-capita income of $66,800 in 2020, a more than 20% jump from 2000. Go us.

POVERTY

• WORLD: To be sure, the massive technological and economic changes of the past century have caused a ton of dystopian fallout. But market reforms, education, and industrialization have also made life far less horrid for billions of people. That 70% global poverty rate we mentioned? It now stands at less than 9%. And get this: an estimated 49% of the world’s population is now middle class, up from roughly a quarter in 1975.

• CANADA: Canada has had a lowish poverty rate for a long time. But between 2015 and 2020, its rate fell from 14.5% to a mere 6%, largely thanks to a basic-income guarantee for families with children, which took effect in 2016.

LIFE EXPECTANCY & WELLBEING

• WORLD: With greater wealth come better standards of living and medical care — which explains why people live almost 40 years longer today than they did a century ago. (Life expectancy in 1913? 34 years.) Moreover, the average person today receives more than twice as many years of education compared to 100 years ago and is 10 times less likely to lose a child.

• CANADA: Canadians are croaking at age 82 on average, up from age 59 in 1920. School-wise, since 1980, the proportion of Canadians with post-secondary education has risen from 31% to 64%, the second-highest rate among OECD countries, behind only Korea.

THE UPSHOT What’s interesting now is that, after all these years of dizzying growth, a lot of smart people have realized that our progress has slowed. The prevailing thought is that society has progressed so much that, by some measurements, it’s getting harder to invent new ways to make life better. And, honestly, that’s a pretty good problem.

*GDP doesn’t reflect individual prosperity, but it’s a good measure of a country’s or region’s general wealth.

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Written By

Sarah Rieger

Sarah Rieger is a news writer for Wealthsimple Magazine. She was previously a staff writer and editor at CBC News and HuffPost Canada. You can reach her at srieger@wealthsimple.com, or on Twitter at @sarahcrgr.